Images, video, voice and music

AI music generation

In short

AI music generation is software that creates music from a text prompt, a hummed tune, lyrics or other musical input. It predicts and assembles sound patterns to produce a new song, instrumental track or musical idea.

Also called
AI song generation, text-to-music, AI music
Topic
Images, video, voice and music
Level
Beginner
First described
Agostinelli and colleagues introduced MusicLM, a notable modern text-to-music system, in January 2023.

AI music generation uses a trained model to turn instructions or musical material into audio. A prompt might describe a genre, instruments, mood and tempo, or provide lyrics or a melody to guide the result12.

Many systems first compress music into small digital units, sometimes called tokens, and then predict sequences of those units. MusicGen, for example, uses a language model over several streams of compressed music tokens and can condition its output on text or melody2. MusicLM instead describes generation as a hierarchical sequence-to-sequence task and reported music at 24 kHz1.

The result is not a recording of a band playing in a room, and it is not necessarily a finished, mix-ready song. Models can lose musical structure, mispronounce lyrics or imitate a familiar style. The quality and permitted uses also depend on the model, its training data and the service's terms.

People meet the technology in song-making apps, background-music tools and creative software. It can produce a rough backing track, a jingle idea or an instrumental bed for a video, but a person still needs to check the output before publishing it.

Example

Someone types ‘an upbeat acoustic pop song about a train journey’ into a song-making app and gets several vocal and instrumental drafts to edit or replace.

Why it matters

It lowers the cost of making a musical sketch, even for people who cannot play an instrument. It also raises practical questions about copyright, consent, attribution and whether generated music is suitable for commercial use.

Questions people ask

How does AI music generation work?

A model converts musical audio into a representation it can predict, then generates a sequence from text, lyrics, melody or another prompt. MusicGen uses compressed music tokens, while MusicLM uses hierarchical sequence-to-sequence modelling12.

Is AI-generated music real music?

It is generated audio that can contain recognisable musical elements such as rhythm, harmony and melody. Whether it counts as a finished musical work, and what rights apply to it, depends on the output, the human contribution and the law that applies.

Can AI make a song from my humming?

Some systems can use a melody as a condition and transform it into a fuller arrangement. MusicLM demonstrated conditioning on hummed or whistled melodies alongside a text description1.

Related terms

Tools that use it

Sources

  1. Agostinelli et al. (2023), MusicLM: Generating Music From Text, arXiv:2301.11325
  2. Copet et al. (2023), Simple and Controllable Music Generation, arXiv:2306.05284

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